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Palm oil deodorization is the final process of edible palm oil refinery plant. It is a result of heating-crushing and heating extraction development. Odiferous material and other minor undesired particles are removed from the crude palm oil or palm kernel oil in the deodorization process of palm oil. The shelf life of refined palm oil is largely prolonged after been processed in palm oil deodorizer equipment.
Deodorization of Palm Oil
Palm oil deodorization is mainly a physical refining process belongs to steam deodorization. High pressure steam is introduced as a kind of stripping agent to remove various volatile components. The deodorization of palm oil usually processed at high temperature (>200°C) and low pressure.
In deodorization process of palm oil refinery, before deodorizing, the bleached palm oil is deaerated and heated firstly. QI’E Machinery is a reliable vegetable oil refinery manufacturer. Our palm oil deodorizer equipment employs a combined methodology. The bottom part designed for consistent quality, while the upper part is designed to remove free fatty acids. Through heat exchanger, the oil is cooled and ready for storage. In palm oil deodorization, the FFA level is first reduced from 3–5% to below 0.5% in a structured packing. And then the oil enters the deodorizer. As a kind of co-product of refinery plant, the free fatty acids are collected and stored.
Four Factors Affecting Palm Oil Deodorization Process
Temperature
Time
Pressure
Amount of Stripping Steam
Qualified deodorized palm oil generally has bland taste and odor, light color, high oxidative stability, and low residual FFA content. In addition, high-quality edible vegetable oils should contain no contaminants or degradation products, low levels of polymeric and oxidized triglycerides, high amounts of natural antioxidants, and low trans fatty acid (TFA) levels.
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Bleaching is one of the key processes of edible palm oil refinery. Palm oil bleaching is generally designed before deodorization in palm oil refinery. Clay which absorbs pigmentation is added to the oil then heated. Then, the oil-clay mixture is filtered and spent cake is dried to remove the oil. Color, residual phosphatides, soaps and metals will be removed in this process. The following some onsite photos of palm oil refinery workshop.
Absorptive bleaching process is mainly affected by temperature and humidity. However, the quality of refinery machines, the structure and type of bleaching earth also matter.
Bleaching Process of Palm Oil Refinery
To avoid the influence by air and consume less clay, earth bleaching is processed under vacuum;
The dosage of clay is based on the color requirement of final palm oil;
Bleached oil is flushed through closed stainless steel filtration discs for less residue in the meal.
To ensure stable production and easy operation, the filter is controlled automatically.
The purpose of bleaching is to remove color producing substances in the crude oil. The absorbent materials is known as bleaching earth or clay. There many different adsorbent materials suitable for vegetable oil refinery industry, such as acid activated bleaching earth, natural bleaching earth, synthetic silicates and activated carbon.
Acid activated bleaching earth is the most common use absorbent materials. It is also called bleaching clay, bentonite or fuller’s earth clay in some places. The primary component of acid activated bleaching earth is aluminium silicate. Actually, the color producing materials are not removed completely by the bleaching earth. Much of them are actually removed by thermal destruction in the deodorization process.
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Deacidification Process of Palm Oil
Before refining, the crude palm oil certainly contains a certain amount of free fatty acids. The process of removing these free fatty acids from the crude oil is called deacidification. There are many different refining solutions. Alkali refining and distillation are the most common use methods, which are widely applied to refining process of edible oil including palm oil.
Alkali Refining
Alkali-refining is the main palm oil refining method in its early stage, especially in Malaysia Palm Oil Production Market. It is also called chemical refining. Actually, alkali refining is mostly applied to refining process of edible oil.
Distillation Refining
In this process, free fatty acid is removed from the crude oil by distilling under vacuum. No alkali is introduced in distillation crude palm oil refining process. Distillation is also known as physical refining. It is a new technology in edible oil refinery industry, which ranks with centrifuge continuous refining, miscella alkali refining and Zenith method as today’s four advanced cooking oil refining technology. With the development of oil refining machines and technology, physical refining has widely applied to refinery plant of low-content phosphatides vegetable oil such as palm oil refining, coconut oil refining and babassu oil refining.
Both refining process and refining machine affect the efficiency, yield and cost of refining plant. Besides, the quality of crude palm oil produced as palm oil mill also effects the refining process.
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Typical Proceess of Palm Oil Refining
Generally, palm oil refining process includes: degumming, deacidification, decolorizing, deodorizing. Some of palm oil processing plant may also have fractionation process to enrich the final palm oil products. The following is some knowledge on palm oil degumming, which is generally the first refining process of crude palm oil
Successful Projects of Edible Oil Refinery Plant
The following is some onsite photos of our edible oil refining projects including refining of palm oil. Feel free to contact us if you are interested!
Technically, degumming of palm oil is referred as an operation of purification in palm oil refining process, since crude palm oil (CPO) normally contains impurities in the colloidal state or dissolved in them. In degumming process, phospholipids featured of strong emulsifying action are removed by a variety of treatments. The objective is achieved by treating the CPO with specified quantity of food grade acid, normally phosphoric or citric acid of certain concentration, either singly or in combination. The precipitated materials are then removed by centrifuging, filtering or adsorption. In short, degumming of palm oil is a process of removing unwanted gums, so that to ensure the stability of the palm oil in later stage of refining plant.
Palm Oil Degumming Process (Dry Degumming)
Dry degumming is widely applied in refining low phosphatide oil such as palm oil, or used for preparing oils for further physical refining. Gums are removed through precipitation by acid conditioning and via filtration in the bleaching process, rather than centrifugal separation. It is a well-proven degumming method featured of cost effective. Below shows the flow diagram of dry degumming process of palm oil refining.
Dry degumming process of palm oil: For crude palm oil refining plant, drying degumming process is suggested. Classically, crude palm oil is first mixed with about 0.05– 0.1% concentrated phosphoric acid. Then, after a short retention time, about 1 or 2% acid-activated bleaching earth is added under vacuum at a temperature of 80–120℃. After a suitable contact time, the spent earth is removed by filtration. Phosphoric acid is mainly used by palm oil refiners especially in Malaysia, due to economical reasons. However, citric acid is also used in some cases. The critical factor affecting the quality of refined palm oil is the introduced amount of acid. Either over or under dosage can lead to darkening and offflavor problems of the RBD palm oil.
Except dry degumming, there are also other types of degumming methods applied in vegetable oil refining plant, such as water degumming and acid degumming. The main differences between these types lie in processing method and chemicals used. Besides, the selection degumming method is based on the content of phosphatides in the crude oil.
Water Degumming: Water degumming is suggested for refining crude oil with phosphorus content around 200ppm, such as soybean oil. The crude oil is firstly go through precipitatation by pure water hydration. Then gums are removed from the crude oil by using the principle of centrifugal separation. Water is the key agent in this degumming process. Below shows the flow diagram of water-degumming process of oil refining plant.
Acid degumming: Through acid conditioning process, gums are precipitated from the crude oil and then be removed by centrifugal separation. It is normally used in refining process of rice bran and sunflower oil.
Feel free to contact us if you are interested in detailed information about our refining solution of crude palm oil. We are always at your services!
We can offer turnkey palm oil refinery plant solutions from plant layout design, machinery manufacturing, onsite debugging and installing. The production capacity ranges from 1 ton/d up to 400 ton/day. Send ~us an inquiry if you are interested in start palm oil refining line or factory. We are always glad to give suggestions for your business!
Depending on the level of automation, palm oil refinery plant can be divided into the following three categories:
1.Batch Refinery Plant: 1TPD，2TPD， 3TPD， 5TPD，10TPD，15TPD, 20TPD, 30TPD. (Suitable for mini and small palm oil refining factory)
2.Semi-continuous Refinery Plant: 15TPD，20TPD.30TPD (Suitable for middle-sized palm oil processing plant)
3.Continuous Refinery Plant: 30TPD ,50TPD,100TPD,200TPD,400TPD (Suitable for industrial scale palm oil mill plant)
Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is mainly further processed into edible oil for food purpose. To meet the international industry’s standards for edible oil, the crude palm oil produced by oil mills should be refined in palm oil refinery plant. Palm oil refinery process mainly includes palm oil degumming, palm oil deacidification, palm oil bleaching and palm oil deodorization.
The refining process removes water, odouriferous matter, phosphatides, free fatty acids and other impurities including dirt and traces of metals from palm oil mill. After processed in palm oil refinery plant, the final oil product is a kind of premium edible oil of consistent quality which not only satisfies customer requirements and industry’s standards in respect of Iodine Value, FFA, flavor, color, melting point, peroxide value, impurities and moisture.
Basic Steps of Edible Oil Refining Process
Step 1: Remove the easily hydratable phospholipids by degumming with water.
Step 2: Convert the remaining on-hydralable phospholipids into hydratable phospholipids.
Step 3: Adding a slight excess of sodium hydroxide solution to neutralize the free fatty acids. Then, wash out the hydrated phospholipids and soaps;
Step 4: Bleaching with natural or acid-activated clay minerals to adsorb colouring components and to decompose hydroperoxides.
Step 5: Remove volatile components through steam distillation process under elevated temperature (180-220°C) and low pressure (2-6 mbar).
Physical Refinery Vs. Chemical Refinery
Crude palm oil can be processed by either physical refining (distillative neutralization, steam stripping) or chemical refining (alkaline refining) to produce RBDPO and NBDPO. RBDPO refers to refined, bleached and deodourised palm oil, while NBDPO refiers to neutralised, bleached and deodourised palm oil.
Physical Refining of Palm Oil
Physical refining is also known as steam refining. In degumming process, it utilizes citric acid or food grade phosphoric acid to remove natural gums in the form of phosphatides. Then, in bleaching process, under vacuum, Fuller’s Earth is used to remove colouring matters and adsorb any metal ions. The deacidification and deodorization process is under high temperature and low pressure. By used of live steam, the FFA is stripped of. The steam is then recovered together with the entrained oil is as palm fatty acid distillate. The off-flavors and odours can also be removed from the crude palm oil in the steam distillation process. Before polishing, the refined oil needs to be cooled to 55°C.
Physical palm oil refining process is the most common used type in palm oil processing industry. It is featured of low production cost, high efficiency, simple production process and low effluent load.
Chemical Refining of Palm Oil
In the chemical refining process, the FFA is removed by neutralisation with caustic soda (sodium hydroxide). This chemical reaction produces neutralised CPO and a soap stock. By used of a high-speed separator, the soap stock can be separated from the oil. Then, through earth bleaching, colour pigments and metal ions are removed from the neutralised oil. Then, in deodorization process, odoriferous matters such as ketones and aldehydes are removed by steam distillation under vacuum.
When refining crude oil with high carotene content, high initial FFA (up to 5%) and low phosphatides, chemical oil refinery plant is suggested, considering operating costs and refining losses.
What is a palm oil refinery?
Palm oil refining is aim to remove phospholipids, FFA, pigment, gums, waxes, off-flavor and other impurities in the crude palm oil . The main process of palm oil refining processes are: degumming & deacidification , decolorization and deodorization. Chemical refining and physical refining of crude plam oil.
What is the physical refining process of palm oil?
Physical refining of palm oil requires crude palm oil to pass through three main processing steps, namely, degumming, bleaching in the pretreatment step, and also deodorization, for its purification into refined bleached and deodorized palm oil.
How to make refined palm oil?
Physical and Chemical Process in Palm Oil Refining Plant
In order to get the pure and refined oil, there are three main process in chemical palm oil refinery plant and chemical palm kernel oil refinery plant: degumming process, bleaching process and deodourising process.
How do you refine high quality palm oil?
In order to meet edible standards, crude palm oil needs to go through a series of processes. It mainly includes four steps of degumming, deacidification, decolorization and deodorization. During the entire palm oil refining process, due to different process requirements, the machine materials used are different.
How does an oil refinery plant work?
The crude is heated by a furnace and is sent to a distillation tower, where it is separated by boiling point. Then the material is converted by heating, pressure or a catalyst into finished products including fuels like gasoline and diesel, and specialty products like asphalt and solvents.
What is the difference between palm oil and refined palm oil?
You can find two main types of palm oil in shops: unrefined and refined. Unrefined palm oil keeps its natural color and nutrients. On the other hand, refined palm oil loses some nutrients due to processing. But, it has a longer shelf life.
What is the waste of palm oil refinery?
The industry generates substantial amounts of waste — including empty fruit bunches (EFBs), palm oil mill effluent (POME) and palm kernel shells (PKS). There are ongoing efforts to manage these wastes more effectively and sustainably.
Why is refining palm oil important?
The main purposes of palm oil refining process is to purify the oil and remove impurities through degumming，deacidification, decolorization and deodorization process and then obtain pure and relatively non-impurities of high-quality edible oil.
What are the steps in refining palm kernel oil?
The detailed refining steps of crude palm kernel oil generally includes four steps: degumming, deacidification, decolorization, and deodorization． (Related reding: How does the palm oil refinery plant work?) Degumming is the removal of phospholipids in crude edible oil.
What is the difference between physical and chemical refining of palm oil?
The difference between physical refining of palm oil and chemical refining of palm oil lies in the way that how to remove FFA. Chemical refining removes the FFA in the deacidification section while physical refining removes the FFA in the deodorization section.
What is the process of physical refinery?
In general, physical refining includes the following three main processing steps: Degumming to remove phosphatides. Bleaching and filtration to eliminate color pigments. Deodorization allows the elimination of free fatty acids and other volatile compounds.
What are the basics of a refinery?
How Does a Simple Refinery Operate? All refineries have three basic steps: separation, conversion and treatment. During the separation process, the liquids and vapors separate into petroleum components called factions based on their weight and boiling point in distillation units.
What are the products of palm oil refinery?
90% of RBD palm oil and its products are used for food, and the remaining 10% is used to produce soap noodles and the production of oleochemicals. RBD palm oil is used to manufacture fried
What are the benefits of refined palm oil?
Refined palm oil is made by bleaching, deodorizing, and neutralizing crude palm oil. People use palm oil for preventing and treating vitamin A deficiency. It is also used for malaria, heart disease, cancer, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these other uses.
What is the waste of palm oil refinery?
The industry generates substantial amounts of waste — including empty fruit bunches (EFBs), palm oil mill effluent (POME) and palm kernel shells (PKS). There are ongoing efforts to manage these wastes more effectively and sustainably.
What are the three basic steps in the refining process?
From powering vehicles and heating buildings, to paving roads and manufacturing petrochemicals, crude oil is used in a myriad of contexts. But before the resource can be sold as a finished product, it needs to undergo three major stages of refining: separation, conversion and treating.
